He was convinced that a crisis was looming as the number of people outstripped the available food supply. In Britain, the National Census was the result of work by Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) on population growth. The Directory, under Napoleon’s Consulate, carried out very successful censuses in post-revolutionary France, allowing them to collect taxes effectively and, just as vitally for Napoleon’s ambitions, know how many men were available for conscription. However, the most immediate impact is on tax: a census increases the tax yield.Ĭounting people and taxation have been linked since at least Biblical times. It also becomes possible for a government to monitor the movement of people from the countryside to towns, calculate how fast the population is growing, and even know if there will be enough men for an army. The name came about because “public” schools would accept anyone who could pay, as opposed to “private” schools that accepted pupils by invitation only.Ĭounting people, their property and servants allows a government to know exactly what it can tax.īy counting everyone in the population, a government can tax everyone possibly taxation will be unfair, but it will be unfair to all. They are private business establishments, where money rather than ability secures a place. Britain is an oddity in that its “public” schools are nothing of the sort. General state-funded public education was fiercely resisted in many influential quarters across Europe, as it was feared that teaching the poor to read would only encourage them in seditious thoughts. Public schooling provides a bonus to research, and increases the spawning rate of agents. Public schooling introduces the idea of the state paying for the education of its people, sometimes regardless of their backgrounds: a radical notion in many ways. Education must be bought, and schools are generally run as privately-owned businesses.
#Ntw eras total conquest full
Public schools allow the people to make full use of their wits by making education widely available.Įducation is usually the preserve of wealthy and ambitious families: the aristocracy have little need for it, because it adds no lustre to their titles the poor have little use for it, because it rarely puts bread in their bellies. One of the key questions the theory seeks to answer is: how can a society be built upon a system where man seeks to further only his own interests. His debates on such topics as the Corn Laws with Thomas Malthus are giving theorists much to consider. Historically, the school of classical economics was originally created by Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, but David Ricardo is leading the school forward in its beliefs and methods. Its influence does still linger however, especially within the modern school of thought known as “new classical economics.” With this step forward people leave feudal society and step forward as individuals seeking their own gains for their own benefit.Ĭlassical economics was eventually superseded. The earnings of the populace are now taken into account. No longer is the amount of money in a king’s treasury the sole measurement of national wealth. Despite the blockade of Napoleon’s Continental System, British trade was able to flourish and sustain the increasing mountain of debt that the war created.Īn attempt to understand, explore and explain economic growth and development.Ĭlassical economics seeks to change the way a nation’s wealth is considered. National debt was extensively used by British governments to finance the wars against France and Napoleon. Law failed, but he gave the idea of government-backed bank notes, and the word “millionaire”, to the West. Eventually his schemes collapsed, and many Frenchmen were ruined. He manipulated the market by using money from monopoly trading companies to buy government bonds rather than investing in overseas enterprises. He also proposed state control over national finances and trade. Scottish economist, gambler, and rake John Law (1671-1729) made several advances in his field, the most notable being the introduction of the French national bank. This simple idea increases the growth of national wealth and facilitates expansion by reducing upkeep costs. The nation sells bonds, and agrees to pay interest on those bonds every year.
The concept of national debt allows a nation to borrow to finance expansion and conquest. The debt, however, was the personal responsibility of the king. Kings have always run up debts, borrowing money (sometimes at sword’s point) from subjects and great banking houses. National debt increases wealth growth and reduces the upkeep cost of units. +5 per turn to town wealth in all your regions
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